Doctoral researcher in sustainability transformations with a focus on indigenous knowledges, agroecology practices, native seeds protection and intellectual property law for protection of ancestral knowledges. Economics and political science background.

I research bushmeat hunting, wildlife trade and alternative livelihoods. In my PhD, I will also work with Sustainable Development Goals and Indigenous People and Local Communities.

My research topic is Cross-Border AI Licensing and Royalty Classification: Rethinking International Tax Rules for API Access, Model Licensing, and AI-Driven Services. AI companies increasingly monetize their technology through API access, model licensing, subscription-based services, and usage-based pricing. These models generate cross-border payments that do not fit neatly within treaty categories such as royalties, technical services, or business profits. Existing treaty wordings were drafted for static, human-led software and location-based value creation, not for automated inference, cloud-based model delivery, or AI-generated outputs. As a result, tax authorities struggle to determine whether payments for AI model access constitute use of copyright, use of equipment, automated digital services, or a hybrid category not contemplated by current treaties. Divergent OECD and UN approaches and AI's reliance on distributed server infrastructure further increase interpretive uncertainty and the risks of double taxation/non-taxation, and tax planning based on contractual structuring or server location. Against this backdrop, the dissertation develops a doctrinal framework for classifying cross-border AI-related payments. Paper 1 analyses the legal nature of Income arising from AI models by proposing a taxonomy of AI-related rights—model weights, training data rights, inference rights, and deployment rights—and assessing whether API access is “use of copyright,” whether inference is “use of equipment,” whether fine-tuning transfers IP, and whether AI outputs qualify as automated services. Paper 2 evaluates the limits of the OECD and UN Model Conventions for income arising from AI models by analysing the relevant treaty articles and their applicability to modern AI transactions. Paper 3 proposes new treaty provisions for AI-based transactions, examining whether a dedicated article is needed, how taxing rights should be allocated, and how to prevent double (non) taxation. The Introduction will present the context, article summaries, and methods. Together, the papers provide a unified framework for future treaty reform.

I am a doctoral research in Social Sciences, Youth Studies. My thesis research explores skateboarding culture in Morocco and the lived experiences of Moroccan skateboarders through an ethnographic approach.

I am a first-year doctoral researcher in Development studies. My project is on the title " Civil societies strategies for the governance of just energy transition : Views from Africa

Brazilian researcher investigating citizen perspectives to South American regionalism. Currently researching Brazilian civil society's modes of participation in face of the MERCOSUR–EU agreement on trade.

I am a doctoral researcher in peace and conflict studies at Tampere Peace Research Institute, Tampere University. My doctoral research focuses on transnational women’s rights activism, solidarity, and working across differences in the case of Iran. My professional work has been focused on women’s rights activism in Iran and in the diaspora from the feminist peace studies and intersectionality perspective. Previously I have conducted research on the characteristics of the Iranian women’s movement and the peaceful transformation of Iranian society. Besides, I am a journalist, and I have been working as a journalist for more than 10 years. I am a co-founder of the first news agency for Persian-speaking immigrants in Finland.

Land is a powerful asset, but it also has a social function. Its economic and social aspects are central in advancing gender equality. Legal control of land as well as legal and social recognition of women’s uses of and rights to land, can also have catalytic effects of empowerment, increasing women’s influence and status in their homes and communities. My article-based PhD thesis focuses on Chinese rural women and their social and equal status in Chinese society. The research has received funding from Academy of Finland's Actors, Structures and Law (ASLA) - project

Projects

Rural women´s land rights in China

I am a doctoral Researcher in the field of ICT. Current work is around ICT for climate Actions

Doctoral student studying remotely from Alaska, USA working on sustainable educational training for teachers with a focus on Indigenous pedagogy.